Athletic shoes were created with the specific task to maximize the results in training and sports, using specific materials (like rubber) or soles.
Today there are a lot of different types of sport shoes, specifically designed keeping in mind the activities in which they are intended: made of different shape or materials of the sole, upper and lining, or the shoes itself, also incorporating special spikes or hooks.
Racing flat
Racing flats, or simply flats, are lightweight athletic shoes designed for "long distance" track and field, cross country, and most often, road races. They differ from normal training shoes mainly by the lack of heels.
They tend to be of less substantial construction and so have shorter natural lives. But this is mitigated by the gentleness of ground contact of the runners that use them.
Racing flats have only small or no heel lift and little padding or support. They allow a prepared athlete to use their natural foot strength and elasticity.
A typical flat consists of just a nearly flat sole, and a minimal upper to hold it onto the foot. Frequently the thin insole is glued in place to reduce movement and weight. The uppers are often mesh so that moisture can escape.
Because of the lack of support and cushioning, racing flats are typically not recommended for use by the uninitiated because of their lack of lower leg/foot strength.
Track Shoes
Track shoes are special shoes that have, screwed into the bottom, track spikes, usually made of ceramic, metal or plastic materials, to reduce the risk of slipping.
The front of the sole features a rigid or semi-rigid spike plate containing between 3 and 9 threaded holes called spike wells. With the exception of high jump and javelin shoes, track shoes generally have no spike wells along the mid-foot or heel. Some shoes have permanent or "fixed" spikes which are not meant to be removed.
Track shoes are exceptionally light, some shoes weighing less than five ounces (142 grams) each, half the weight of many standard running shoes. However, as this is achieved through reducing the amount of material used in the soles and sidewalls, spikes offer less cushioning and support than a standard running shoe. So, constant use in training may result that shoes not lasting so long.